3D scanner: 3D scanning implies analyzing the real-world environment or
objects for collecting data on their appearance, i.e. color and shape.
Digital 3D models can be constructed from the data collected. Such
devices are being used by the amusement industry extensively for
producing video games and movies. This technology is more widely used
in reverse engineering, industrial design, prototyping, keeping records
of cultural artifacts, and computer vision. A number of technologies
have been used for building the three-dimensional scanning devices.
Every technology has limitations, costs, and advantages.
Functionality: The idea behind using a three-dimensional scanner is
creating a Point Cloud of the Geometric Samples on the subject’s
surface. The subject’s shape can then be extrapolated by using these
points. If information regarding color is gathered at every juncture,
the determination of colors on subject’s surface can be easily done. 3D
scanners share analogy with cameras. If one tries to define a Spherical
Coordinate System wherein the origin would be the scanner and vector
would be drawn from front of it such that θ=0 and ¢=0, then every point
in picture would be associated with θ and ¢. Combined with distance
that corresponds to r component 3D position of every point in picture
is described by the spherical coordinates.
Technology: 3D scanners consist of two types- non-contact and contact.
Non-contact three-dimensional scanners could be divided further into 2
major categories- passive and active scanners.
Non-Contact Active: Some light or radiation is always emitted by active
scanners. It is advised to detect the reflection of this light, as it
would help in locating environment or an object. The kinds of emission
possibly used include x-ray, ultrasound, or light.
Contact: Contact three-dimensional scanners locate the subject by the
way of physical touch. The best example of contact three-dimensional
scanner is a CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine). It is widely used in
manufacturing processes due to its precision. However, it has a
disadvantage that contact with object to be scanned is required. The
target object might get modified or damaged by scanning. Historical
artifacts, in particular, have to be specially taken care of.
3D Prototyping: 3D prototyping is the subset of rapid prototyping. The
basic advantage of 3D prototyping is that numerous materials can be
used as base materials. It involves taking of virtual designs through
CAD (computer-aided design) or Animation Modeling software,
transforming them into virtual, thin, and horizontal cross sections,
and then creating every cross-section in the physical space, 1 by 1
till the model gets completed.
It should be noted that STL File Format is the interface between
machines and CAD software. This interface carries out the approximation
of shape of an assembly or part by making use of triangular facets.
Surfaces of a superior quality are produced by smaller facets. 3D
prototyping is believed to be the ‘next level’ equipment by most of the
experts of this field. Pioneer companies are striving to master the
technique. The conservative prototyping machines cost around 25000
pounds, as per the study conducted in the year 2005.
Go to Prototype Zone to get your free ebook on Prototyping at Prototyping. Prototype Zone also has Rapid Prototyping Forum, Prototype Manufacturing Blog and other information on Prototype Information and daily news.
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